The Hormone That Regulates Calcium Levels
Understanding Parathormone and Its Functions
Parathormone, also known as parathyroid hormone (PTH), is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are located behind the thyroid gland in the neck. PTH plays a key role in regulating calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood and bones. It stimulates the release of calcium from bones into the bloodstream, increases calcium absorption in the intestines, and reduces calcium excretion in the urine, thus raising blood calcium levels. PTH works in opposition to calcitonin, another hormone that lowers blood calcium levels, to maintain calcium balance in the body.
Key Functions of Parathormone
- Regulates blood calcium levels by increasing calcium release from bones, enhancing intestinal absorption, and decreasing urinary excretion.
- Maintains bone health by balancing calcium levels necessary for proper bone formation and function.
- Influences phosphate metabolism by increasing phosphate excretion in the urine.
The Role of Parathormone in Health and Disease
Proper PTH regulation is essential for bone health, muscle function, and nerve transmission. When PTH levels are too high or too low, it can lead to serious health issues. Hyperparathyroidism, characterized by excess PTH production, can result in weakened bones (osteoporosis) and high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). Conversely, hypoparathyroidism, where PTH levels are too low, can lead to low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia), causing muscle spasms, cramps, and fatigue. Monitoring PTH levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing calcium imbalances.
FAQs About Parathormone
1. What is parathormone?
Parathormone (PTH) is a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that helps regulate calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
2. How does parathormone affect calcium levels?
PTH increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion through urine.
3. What happens when parathormone levels are too high?
High parathormone levels can lead to hyperparathyroidism, causing weakened bones, kidney stones, and elevated blood calcium levels.
4. What are the symptoms of low parathormone levels?
Low parathormone levels can result in hypoparathyroidism, leading to symptoms such as muscle cramps, spasms, tingling, and low blood calcium levels.
5. How is parathormone tested?
Parathormone levels are measured through blood tests to assess calcium metabolism and diagnose conditions like hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism.