Pheochromocytoma

24/7 BOOK APPOINTMENTS

Understanding Pheochromocytoma

What is Pheochromocytoma?

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. These tumors originate from the adrenal medulla, the part of the gland that produces hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones are responsible for regulating heart rate, blood pressure, and stress response. Pheochromocytomas can cause excessive hormone secretion, leading to episodes of high blood pressure and other symptoms. While most pheochromocytomas are benign, a small percentage can be malignant.


Symptoms of Pheochromocytoma

The symptoms are often episodic and may be triggered by stress, exercise, or certain foods or medications. Common symptoms include:

  • High blood pressure, which may be persistent or episodic.
  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations).
  • Excessive sweating.
  • Severe headaches.
  • Anxiety or a sense of impending doom.
  • Tremors or shaking.
  • Pale skin or flushing.
  • Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.

Severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications such as heart attack, stroke, or organ damage due to prolonged high blood pressure.

Consult with Dr. Zaar

If you're struggling with this condition, consult with Dr. Zaar, a specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders like yours. With expertise in advanced medical treatments and personalized care plans, Dr. Zaar is committed to addressing your unique needs and improving your quality of life. Take the first step towards better health

Image

FAQs

What causes pheochromocytoma?
Pheochromocytomas occur when the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla grow abnormally and form a tumor. In some cases, they are associated with genetic syndromes, such as:

  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2).
  • Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
  • Neurofibromatosis Type 1.
  • Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndromes.

How is pheochromocytoma diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves:

  • Blood and urine tests: Measuring levels of catecholamines and their byproducts (metanephrines).
  • Imaging studies: CT scan, MRI, or nuclear imaging (e.g., MIBG scan) to locate the tumor.
  • Genetic testing: To identify inherited conditions linked to pheochromocytoma.

What are the treatment options for pheochromocytoma?

  • Surgery: The primary treatment is adrenalectomy, where the affected adrenal gland is removed.
  • Medications:
    • Alpha-blockers and beta-blockers to control blood pressure before surgery.
    • Drugs to stabilize hormone levels and prevent complications.
  • Radiation or chemotherapy: Used for malignant or metastatic cases.

Is pheochromocytoma hereditary?
Yes, up to 30% of pheochromocytomas are linked to inherited genetic mutations. Genetic counseling and testing are recommended for affected individuals and their families.

Can pheochromocytoma recur after treatment?
Recurrence is possible, especially in cases of malignant pheochromocytomas or hereditary conditions. Regular follow-ups are essential.

What complications can arise if pheochromocytoma is untreated?
Untreated pheochromocytomas can cause severe high blood pressure, leading to heart attack, stroke, arrhythmias, or multi-organ failure.

How common is pheochromocytoma?
It is rare, occurring in about 2 to 8 per million people annually. However, it is a significant cause of secondary hypertension.

Can pheochromocytoma affect both adrenal glands?
Yes, though it typically affects one gland, it can involve both glands, particularly in hereditary cases.

What lifestyle changes can help manage pheochromocytoma?
Before treatment, avoiding stress, caffeine, and foods rich in tyramine (e.g., aged cheese, red wine) can help minimize symptoms. Post-treatment, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular monitoring are important.

When should I see a doctor for pheochromocytoma?
Seek medical attention if you experience episodic high blood pressure, severe headaches, palpitations, or other symptoms of hormonal overactivity, especially if these occur suddenly or repeatedly.