Understanding Hyperglycemia
What is Hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels that occur when the body has insufficient insulin or cannot use insulin effectively to regulate glucose. It is a hallmark symptom of diabetes (both Type 1 and Type 2) but can also occur in non-diabetic individuals during stress or illness. Persistent hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system.
Symptoms of Hyperglycemia
Early symptoms include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), fatigue, blurred vision, and headaches. As blood sugar levels rise, symptoms may progress to nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty concentrating, and confusion. If left untreated, hyperglycemia can lead to life-threatening conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).
Consult with Dr. Zaar
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FAQs
1. What causes hyperglycemia?
Hyperglycemia is commonly caused by insufficient insulin production, insulin resistance, excessive carbohydrate intake, physical inactivity, stress, illness, or missed diabetes medications.
2. How is hyperglycemia diagnosed?
Hyperglycemia is diagnosed through blood sugar tests. Fasting blood sugar levels above 126 mg/dL or random blood sugar levels above 200 mg/dL may indicate hyperglycemia.
3. Can hyperglycemia occur without diabetes?
Yes, temporary hyperglycemia can occur during periods of stress, illness, or as a reaction to certain medications like steroids.
4. What are the complications of untreated hyperglycemia?
Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to complications like diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, heart disease, and poor wound healing. Acute complications include DKA and HHS.
5. How can I manage hyperglycemia at home?
Management includes monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting diet to limit carbohydrate intake, staying hydrated, exercising regularly, and adhering to prescribed medications.
6. Can hyperglycemia cause weight loss?
Yes, severe or prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to unintentional weight loss due to the body breaking down fat and muscle for energy when it cannot use glucose effectively.
7. How is hyperglycemia treated in diabetics?
Treatment includes insulin therapy, oral medications, lifestyle modifications, and addressing the underlying cause, such as infections or stress.
8. What foods should I avoid if I have hyperglycemia?
Avoid foods high in sugar and refined carbohydrates, such as sugary drinks, sweets, white bread, and processed snacks, as these can rapidly raise blood sugar levels.
9. Is exercise recommended during hyperglycemia?
Exercise can help lower blood sugar levels, but if levels are extremely high (e.g., above 250 mg/dL) and ketones are present, exercise should be avoided until levels stabilize.
10. When should I seek medical attention for hyperglycemia?
Seek immediate medical care if symptoms worsen, blood sugar levels consistently exceed 300 mg/dL, or if you experience symptoms of DKA, such as fruity-smelling breath, rapid breathing, or severe fatigue.